Putative Effector Genes Distinguish Two Pathogenicity Groups of<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>f. sp.<i>spinaciae</i>

Fusarium wilt of spinach, caused by oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae, is an important disease during warm conditions in production regions with acid soils, yet little known about what confers pathogenicity to spinach F. spinaciae genetically. To identify candidate fungal genes that contribute wilt, each 69 geographically diverse isolates was tested for on three inbreds. Thirty-nine identified as quantitative differences severity among the inbreds revealed two distinct groups spinaciae. Putative effector gene profiles, predicted from whole-genome sequences generated nine and five nonpathogenic, spinach-associated (NPS) isolates, distinguished NPS separated into groups. Five putative appeared be unique they were not found 222 other publicly available genome assemblies oxysporum, implicating potential involvement these spinach. In addition, combinations 14 Secreted Xylem (SIX) have been affiliated host formae speciales either SIX8 SIX9 or SIX4, SIX8, SIX14. Characterization should aid understanding mechanisms developing molecular tools rapid detection quantification breeding resistance [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This open access article distributed under CC BY 4.0 International license .